This is not possible using only Adobe Reader unless you either take a screenshot with another tool or use the Edit
> Take a Snapshot
feature of Adobe Reader (may be version specific... I don't have an Android device to confirm, or know which version of Adobe Reader you are using). Doing the latter will require you to paste it from the clipboard.
Another option is to look into using different software. A google search (or Google Play search) reveals many. For example, you may want to look into the PDF Utility - Lite. The description for this software says specifically:
-Extract Images from pdf